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Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa, or Republic of Dubrovnik, was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (''ラテン語:Ragusa'' in Italian and Latin) in Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia), that existed from 1358 to 1808. It reached its commercial peak in the 15th and the 16th centuries, before being conquered by Napoleon's French Empire and formally annexed by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1808. It had a population of about 30,000 people, out of whom 5,000 lived within the city walls. Its motto was ''"ラテン語:Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro"'', which translated from Latin means "Liberty is not well sold for all the gold".
== Names ==
Originally named ''Communitas Ragusina'' (Latin for "Ragusan municipality" or "community"), in the 14th century it was renamed ''Respublica Ragusina'', first mentioned in 1385,〔()〕 (lat. for ''Ragusan Republic''). In Italian it is called ''Repubblica di Ragusa''; in Croatian it is called ''Dubrovačka Republika'' (). The name Ragusa owes its origins to the fugitive inhabitants of Epidaurum in Illyria, which was destroyed in the 6th century and it was in use back to that period of regional history.〔''The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge: Primaticcio - Richardson'' vol 19, 1841, p.242〕
The Croatian name ''Dubrovnik'' is derived from the word ''dubrava'', an oak grove;〔 by a strange folk etymology, the Turks have corrupted this into ''Dobro-Venedik'', meaning Good-Venice. It came into use alongside ''Ragusa'' as early as the 14th century.〔(Croatia ) (2006), ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 23 August 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service〕
The Latin, Italian and Dalmatian name ''Ragusa'' derives its name from ''Lausa'' (from the Greek ξαυ: ''xau'', "precipice"); it was later altered in ''Rausium'', ''Rhagusium'' or ''Ragusium'' (Appendini says that until after AD 1100, the sea passed over the site of modern ''Ragusa'', if so, it could only have been over the Placa or Stradun) or ''Rausia'' (even ''Lavusa'', ''Labusa'', ''Raugia'' and ''Rachusa'') and finally into ''Ragusa''. The official change of name from Ragusa to Dubrovnik came into effect when the area became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 after the First World War.
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